Month: April 2021

Vastu Shastra For House, Plot, Shop, Flat & Office Building Construction

Vastu Shastra For House, Plot, Shope, Flat & Office Building Construction

Vastu shastra is an ancient science that is mostly followed by Indian households. But all the cases are not possible to follow such methodology. But if you can follow this method, you may be healthy and promising in your life.

I request you to read these article carefully before making any decision about buying or constructing any house, flat, plot, office or shop. In this article, I will discuss about the guidelines or rules for the layout of buildings according to Vastu shastra

1. Rules for buying any plots according to Vastu shastra.

2. Guidelines or rules for buying any flat or constructing any house according to Vastu shastra.

3. Rules for buying or constructing shop or office according to Vastu shastra.

1. Rules for buying any plots according to Vastu shastra

i) First, you need to know about the plot facing. According to Vastu shastra plot facing side should be East. If not possible, then the second preference is North-East.

ii) Spearing roads should be situated East or North-East direction of the plot. And, the second preference for the road is North or North-East direction.

iii) 3rd important point is the shape of the plot. The shape of the plot should be square with North-East extended or Fully square.

vi) Quality of the soil is another important point that should be considered before buying a plot. According to the Vastu Shastra, the first preference of the soil quality is yellowish red soil with a pleasant smell, and the second preference is Reddish soil with a pleasant smell.

vii) The plot sloping should be towards North-East or East.

Viii) If there is a lake or water body, then it should be towards the North-East or towards the East.

Item	1st Preference	2nd Preference
1. Which side is recommended for the plot facing	East	North east
2. Roads	East or North East	North or North East
3. Plot shape	Square with NE extended	Square
4. Soil quality	Yellowise red with pleasant smeel	Reddish with pleasant smell
5. Plot sloping towards	North East	East
6. In which direction is the plot raised	South West	West
7. Angle of tilt with respect to the magnetic axis	0 to 5 degree	5 to 10 degree
8. Surroundings	A lake or water body towards North East	A lake or water body towards East

2. Vastu-Shastra For House and Flat

1. First thing which comes to our mind is that the position of the main gate. According to the Vastu Shastra, first preference for gate or entrance is North-East direction and second preference is East direction.

2. The second point is that what will be the position of the kitchen? According to the Vastu Shastra, first preference for kitchen is South East and the second preference is North-East direction.

3. 3^rd point is that the location of the master bedroom. In case of the master bedroom, the first preference is South-West direction and second preference is South direction.

4. As per Indian Vastu shastra, the position of the children’s room should be North-West direction of the house. If it is not possible, then the second preference for the children’s room is South-West direction.

5. Next point is the location of the guest room. The first preference for the guest room is towards North-West direction, and second preference is towards the North direction.

6. Now, another very important point is the position of the drawing or dining room. According to the Vastu Shastra, the first preference for the drawing or dining room is the East direction, and the second preference is the North direction of the house.

7. Next, what will be the position of the tube well and underground tank? As per the guideline of the Vastu Shastra, it should be situated in North-West or West direction.

8. Position of toilets or bathroom. The Position of the toilets or bathroom is the most important thing I’ve ever seen. This is very seriously considered by everyone in our country. It is believed that if the bathroom is not located as per the VASTU SHASTRA, then it may hinders the improvement of the house.

According to the Vastu Sastra, the position of the toilets or bathroom should be either North-West direction or West direction. North-East direction is always considered as evil direction for bathroom or toilets. So, it should be avoided before starting any construction.

Details is coming soon ……

What is the Double-walled Cofferdam? Learn about it

What is the Double-walled Cofferdam?

A double-walled cofferdam is the same as a single-walled cofferdam, except for the construction of a double wall in place of a single wall.

A double-walled cofferdam is provided where the area is to be enclosed is large and also the depth of water is large. It is very important to choose the perfect cofferdam for a particular situation. A double-walled cofferdam is very essential in case of large depth of water say about 10 to 11 m.

In the case of a double-walled cofferdam, a pair of walls is constructed along the length of the cofferdam, and a suitable gap is kept between the two walls. The space between the two walls is generally filled with a thick mixture of sand or clay and gravel

The filling is to be done in thin layers and it should be well consolidated when it is in a damp state

Sometimes, a clay berm is provided on the outside of the cofferdam in order to provide an additional safeguard against leakage.

The width of the cofferdam depends on various factors such as structural stability, degree of imperviousness desired, etc. So, the width of the cofferdam should be decided after considering all the influencing factors. The following thumb rule should be followed in this respect.
If,
B = The width of the cofferdam
h = Depth of river water
Then,

Up to depth of river water 3 m ———— B = h

For depth more than 3 m ———— B = 3 + ¹/₃(h-3)

Bonds in Brickwork – MCQ || Building Construction

Bonds in Brickwork – MCQ

1. Which brick bond gives better appearance

a) English bond
b) Flemish bond
c) Facing bond
d) Brick on edge bond

View Answer

b) Flemish bond

2. Whchi bond is also known as running bond

a) Header bond
b) Stretcher bond
c) Facing bond
d) None of these

View Answer

b) Stretcher bond

3. Herring-bone bond is a type of

a) Facing bond
b) Diagonal bond
c) Raking bond
d) Garden wall bond

View Answer

c) Raking bond

4. Which bond is a modified form of English bond

a) English cross bond
b) Dutch bond
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of these

View Answer

c) Both (a) and (b)

5. Which of the following bond is also know as St. Andrews cross bond

a) English cross bond
b) Dutch cross bond
c) Diagonal bond
d) Zig-zag bond

View Answer

a) English cross bond

6. Which type of brick bond is weakest?

a) English bond
b) Flemish bond

View Answer

b) Flemish bond

7. Which type of brick bond is strongest?

a) English bond
b) Flemish bond
c) Brick on edge bond

View Answer

a) English bond

8. Which type of brickwork bond is required for building a brick cavity wall

a) Header bond
b) Stretcher bond
c) Facing bond
d) None of these

View Answer

b) Stretcher bond

9. In case of which bond, bricks are laid at an angle 45 degree from the centerline of the wall in plan.

a) Zig-zag bond
b) Herring-bone bond
c) Diagonal bond
d) Facing bond

View Answer

b) Herring-bone bond

10. In case of which bond, bricks are laid inclinedly only in one directio

a) Zig-zag bond
b) Herring-bone bond
c) Diagonal bond
d) Header bond

View Answer

c) Diagonal bond

Read Also:

Characteristics of First class Bricks

Stone Masonry – MCQ

12 Different Types of Brick Cuts Used in Brick Masonry

Advantages and Disadvantages of Bamboo Flooring

Bamboo Flooring

Bamboo flooring is a popular choice for homeowners who want a sustainable, eco-friendly, and cost-effective alternative to traditional hardwood flooring. Day by day the popularity of bamboo flooring is increasing as an alternative to hardwood flooring. The growth of bamboo plants requires less time as compared to hardwood trees.

Who doesn’t want his floor to be beautiful and eco-friendly? In that case, bamboo flooring fulfills all the requirements easily, and also their maintenance work is very easy. But the price is somewhat the same for both bamboo and hardwood flooring.

Bamboo is not a tree. Actually, it is one type of grass, and it is the tallest grass in the world. It may be 130 to 150 ft long. This type of bamboo is called Giant Bamboo. But it is not the regular height of the bamboo. Usually, its height is between 15 ft to 75 ft. Although, their height and diameter vary from place to place. Read Also: 18 Types of Flooring.

Advantages of Bamboo Flooring

Following are the 8 advantages of bamboo flooring:

1. Bamboo is a very strong material. And, also their strength is more as compared to steel. They can withstand more compressive as well as tensile stress than steel.

2. Bamboo is a widely available material. Now it is also available in online marketplaces. You do not need to go anywhere to order bamboo flooring planks, you can easily place your order from your home by using a smartphone.

3. Bamboo floors are eco-friendly and durable.

4. Bamboo flooring is attractive in appearance. It gives a beautiful look after lamination.

5. It can be used as an alternative to hardwood flooring. So, it can be used where hardwood is not widely available.

6. Bamboo flooring is available various in colors and styles. So, it will help you to make your house floor as you want.

7. The installation process of bamboo flooring is very easy. No skilled labor is required. You can also install it yourself. It is very easy to cut to any required size and shape.

8. It is very easy to clean.

Disadvantages of Bamboo Flooring

The following are the disadvantages of bamboo flooring:

1. Limited Suitability: Bamboo flooring is not suitable for every room, it can not be used in the bathroom and kitchen.

2. Moisture Sensitivity: It may absorb moisture during rainy seasons and may get easily decayed due to moisture absorption. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain a consistent humidity level to prevent any possible issues.

3. Fade by sunlight: Over time, exposure to direct sunlight can cause bamboo flooring to fade or discolor. Therefore, it is not advisable to install bamboo flooring on such floors of the house where direct sunlight is likely to hit it.

4. Limited Color Options: Other types of flooring like tiles flooring, hardwood flooring, etc. offer a wide range of colors, but in the case of bamboo flooring, there is primarily available in shades of light or dark brown. This limited color option may block you to get desired design and colors for your floors.

5. It is easily spoiled by fungi and insects.

Read Also:

Muram Flooring

Mud Flooring

Single-Walled Cofferdam – An Overview

Single-Walled Cofferdam

A single-walled cofferdam is used where the area to be enclosed is very small. Therefore, it will be best when available working space is limited. This type of cofferdam is used for depth of water up to 6 m.

First of all soft materials are removed from the bed of the river. Then, a row of guide piles are driven into the ground along the periphery of the area to be enclosed. These guide piles are usually driven at an interval of about 3 m. The distance between the two guide piles depends on the depth of water and the size and length of wales available.

Generally, the guide piles are made of wood, but it may be a steel section in case of large depth of water. After having driven the guide piles, wales or runners of timber logs are bolted to the guide piles at suitable vertical intervals.

Finally, sheet piles are bolted to the wales. Sheet piles may be made of wood or steel. The lower end of the sheet piles is driven into the ground for some depth. It is essential to keep the sheets vertical.

In the case of steel sheet piles, the lubricant must be applied to the interlocking parts before it is assembled.

If the depth of the water is quite large, then additional wales may be used and a framework of struts and bracings installed to keep all the members held together.

Read More:

Double-walled Cofferdam

Sand Cofferdam

Earth Cofferdam

Window -MCQ || Building Construction

Window -MCQ

1. Width of the windows depends upon the

a) Dimension of the room
b) Purpose of the room
c) location of the room
d) Direction of the winds
e) All of these

View Answer

e) All of these.

2. From light consideration, area covered by glass panels in a window should be at least ____ of the floor area of the room

a) 5 %
b) 10 %
c) 15 %
d) 20 %

View Answer

b) 10 %

3. Which type of window has fully glazed panels?

a) Louvered window
b) Casement window
c) Sash window
d) All of these

View Answer

c) Sash window

4. Area of window openings should be minimum _____ of the floor area of the room

a) 5 %
b) 10 %
c) 15 %
d) 20 %

View Answer

c) 15 %

5. Which of the following horizontal member is used to divide a window frame vertically?

a) Mullion
b) Transom
c) Horns
d) Top rail

View Answer

b) Transom

6. Which type of window shutters opens like a door?

a) Casement window
b) Louvered window
c) Gable window
d) Dormer window

View Answer

a) Casement window

7. Which of the following type of window is used on the sloping roof of a building

a) Gable window
b) Dormer window
c) All of these

View Answer

c) All of these

8. The window projected outside of the external wall is called

a) Gable window
b) Bay window
c) Lantern window
d) Noe of these

View Answer

b) Bay window

Read Also:

Door – MCQ

Door & Window

Types of Air Coolers

Different Types Of Doors Used in Building

PMP Certification | PMP Exam Sample Questions | SPOTO

Now, it’s time to take your career to the next level by getting a project management professional certification. Being a certified PMP will help you earn more money and advance in your career. If you are a student or working in project management then this article is for you.

PMP Certification

PMP full form is Project Management Professional. PMP certification is offered by The Project Management Institute (PMI). PMI is a global non-profit professional organization for project management.

These days PMP course is a leading course for the project management industry worldwide. It gives you a chance to make your future brighter. PMP certification will help you to get a job as a project manager globally.

Don’t worry I will guide you to choose the perfect ways to get a PMP certificate. It is very hard to pass PMP only by yourself. But, there is a way to pass those exams easily.

Yes, it is possible through SPOTO which gives you the latest updates and notes on PMP exams. You can pass your PMP certification exam in the first attempt by using SPOTO PMP practice tests. Here you can check about exam prep sample questions.

What is SPOTO?

SPOTO stands for Service, Professional, Outstanding, Teamwork, and Obtain. It was founded in 2003 to help all aspirants like you pass their IT certification exams fast and smoothly and enhance the technical knowledge and skills.

These days SPOTO is the leader of its certification for online training Agencies and covers Cisco, PMP, CISSP, AWS, and other popular IT exams. Their test materials and notes are very concrete and specific. You do not need to think of any other notes besides those given by SPOTO. And, it is sure that you will be able to pass the exam easily through SPOTO.

What is Underpinning? Definition, Meaning & Methods

Underpinning meaning

Underpinning means support or strength. Underpinning is a process by which support is provided on the existing structure.

Definition of Underpinning

Underpinning is the process of constructing a new foundation beneath an existing foundation or strengthening an existing foundation without affecting the stability of the structure.

The situation demands the process of underpinning

The following situation demands the process of underpinning

i) When a basement is to be provided under an existing structure.

ii) When a new building with a deep foundation is to be built adjacent to the existing building.

iii) When serious cracks developed in the wall due to the settlement of the foundation. In this situation, the underpinning process is very essence.

Which points should be considered before starting underpinning work?

Before beginning underpinning work, the following points should be carefully considered.

i) The structure should be fully strutted and shored to resist all expected movements during underpinning.

ii) All cracks in the structure should be repaired and grouted properly.

Major Types of Scaffolding

Different Component Parts of a Scaffolding

Door – MCQ || Building Constrution

Door – MCQ

1. The minimum height of the door should not be less than

a) 1 m
b) 1.5 m
c) 1.8 m
d) 2.2 m

View Answer

c) 1.8 m.

2. Which door swings both ways

a) French
b) Dutch
c) Mead
d) None of these

View Answer

c) Mead

3. In thumb rules the height of the door is equal to the

a) Width of the door + 0.5 m
b) Width of the door + 1 m
c) Width of the door + 1.2 m
d) Width of the door + 1.8 m

View Answer

c) Width of the door + 1.2 m

4. Construction above the door & window is called

a) Slab
b) Lintel
c) Beam
d) Column

View Answer

b) Lintel

5. The doors mainly adopted for the entrance of shops, garages, and showrooms are

a) Sliding door
b) Rolling steel door
c) Swing doors
d) Both (a) and (b)

View Answer

d) Both (a) and (b)

Sliding door and rolling steel shutter/door are mainly used for the entrance of shops, garages and showrooms. But, in India, mostly rolling steel door are used.

6. Which of the following door is generally used in residential as well as public buildings?

a) Glazed and Sash door
b) Rolling steel door
c) Swing doors
d) Louvered door

View Answer

a) Glazed and Sash door.

7. Which door is generally used in a big hotel, bank, office where incoming and outgoing traffic is very high?

a) Glazed and Sash door
b) Rolling steel door
c) Revolving door
d) Louvered door

View Answer

c) Revolving door.

8. Mullion is a

a) Verticle members
b) Horizontal member
c) Top-most horizontal member
d) None of these

View Answer

a) Verticle members.

9. Which of the following is the top most horizontal member of a door?

a) Top rail
b) Lock rail
c) Stile
d) Frieze rail

View Answer

d) Frieze rail

Read More:

Types of Doors

Door Sweep – Types & How to Install?

Different Types of Windows