Burkli Ziegler Formula Burkli Ziegler formula is the oldest formula used to determine the peak runoff rate. It was derived by a swiss engineer for local conditions. After that, it was followed in the whole U.S.A. In M.K.S unites it states that Where, ► = The peak runoff in cumecs. ► = Runoff coefficient (Depending…
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Different Shapes of Sewers A sewer is an underground pipe used to carry wastewater. Or, we can say it is an underground system used to carry sewage. In this post, I will show you 10 different shapes of sewers with diagrammatic images as well. Mostly circular-shaped sewer is preferred for most places and is suitable…
Plastic Sewer The use of plastics for non-pressure sewer pipes is of comparatively recent origin and is still in the experimental stages. However, some countries, such as the Netherlands, Scandinavia, France, etc., have already begun to use plastic pipes for sewers of 250 mm dia and above on a moderate to large scale (15% to…
Brick Sewer Ancient times mostly bricks were used as a sewer material, However, they have now almost been replaced by concrete cement sewers. However, the brick sewer may still be used at places where the sewers are required to be constructed at the site, and if the ingredients needed for cement concrete sewers may not be…
Precautions to be Taken While Entering Sewers Various poisonous and explosive gasses are commonly found in sewers such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) along with petrol vapours. These gases are produced largely when the sewage becomes stale and septic, which occurs more commonly in hotter climates. In addition to the…
Design of septic tank with soak pit for 30 users are as follows: Design of Septic Tank Assume, rate of water supply = 135 lit/capita/day. Quantity of water supplied = Per capita rate ⨯ Population = 135⨯30 = 4050 lit/day. Assuming that 80% of water supplied becomes sewage, we have Quantity of sewage produced…
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Septic Tank Septic tank is rectangular in plan and constructed with brick masonry over a concrete foundation. The length of the tank is usually 3 times the width. R.C.C cover with manhole is provided at the top of the tank. How does a Septic Tank work? Septic tank is just like a plain sedimentation tank….
