Category: Irrigation Engineering

5 Ways Technology is Redefining the Landscape Industry

Landscaping has always been a necessary part of home ownership, but in recent years it has become so much more. Technology has allowed for new and innovative ways to landscape your property, making the process easier and more efficient than ever before. In this blog post, we will discuss five ways that technology is redefining the landscape industry. Keep reading to learn more!

The age of technology has already come. Humans have been so advanced that almost everything can be done by machines. Even the landscaping industry has been greatly affected by technological advances. This has attracted many homeowners and lawn lovers to try out the latest landscaping trends.

5 Ways Technology is Redefining the Landscape Industry

Below are five ways technology has changed the game:

1. Designing Your Perfect Landscape

In the past, if you wanted to have a custom landscape design for your home, you would have to hire a professional designer and hope that they could visualize your vision. However, with today’s technology, you can easily design your own landscape using various software programs. You can also find many pre-designed landscapes online that can be customized to fit your specific needs.

2. Building Materials

With the advent of new building materials, it is now possible to create landscapes that were once impossible. For example, composite decking material is much more durable than traditional wood and requires very little maintenance. This means that you can enjoy your deck or patio for years to come without having to worry about it rotting or warping.

3. Water Conservation

One of the biggest concerns for homeowners is how to conserve water. With new technology, there are now many ways to reduce your water usage without sacrificing the beauty of your landscape. For example, you can install drought-resistant plants or use a drip irrigation system to water your plants more efficiently. You can also collect rainwater in barrels to use for watering your plants during dry periods.

4. Lighting

LED lighting has become increasingly popular in recent years due to its energy efficiency and long lifespan. This type of lighting is perfect for landscape lighting because it will not only save your money on your electric bill, but will also last much longer than traditional incandescent bulbs. LED lights can accent your landscaping, highlight features, or even light up walkways and paths.

5. Maintenance

Technology has also made it easier to maintain your landscape. For example, there are now many robotic lawn mowers on the market that will do the mowing for you. There are also apps that you can use to track your watering schedule and make sure that your plants are getting the right amount of water. By using technology to help with the maintenance of your landscape, you can save yourself time and effort in the long run.

What does this mean and how will this shape the future of the landscape industry?

Because of the technology all around us today, it has never been easier to design, build, and maintain a beautiful landscape. This trend is only going to continue as new technology is developed. If you are thinking about landscaping your home, be sure to take advantage of all the new and innovative products and services that are available. You will be glad you did! Here are three reasons why technology is important for shaping our landscape industry:

Reason #1: Landscaping Technology Has Made Our Lives Easier

From design to construction to maintenance, technology has made every aspect of landscaping easier. We no longer have to rely on professional designers to create our dream landscape. We can do it ourselves with the help of various software programs. And we don’t have to worry about maintaining our landscapes because there are now many robotic lawn mowers on the market that will do the work for us.

Reason #2: Technology Has Made Landscapes More Durable

In the past, landscapes were made with materials that were not very durable and required a lot of maintenance. But thanks to new building materials, we can now create landscapes that are built to last.

Reason #3: There Is Still So Much Room To Improve

While technology has come a long way in the landscape industry, there is still so much room for improvement. We are only limited by our imagination when it comes to what we can do with technology in this field. As you can see, technology has already had a big impact on the landscape industry and it is only going to continue to grow and change in the future.

In addition, there are things we should be expecting in the future for landscaping because of our technological advancements:

More efficient lighting systems, such as LED lighting, will become increasingly popular.

Efficiency has always been a priority when it comes to lighting. It is important to not only save money but also to help preserve the environment. Solar lighting is also just around the corner, so there’s a lot more room to improve! Water Conservation Technology We can expect to see a continued trend of water conservation in landscaping. This may include the use of drought-resistant plants, more efficient irrigation systems, and rain barrels.

Automated Technology

If you’re a homeowner yourself, you know that one of the hardest tasks is to bask under the sun while working on your lawn. This could be tedious and will exhaust you over time. Because of this, people have been developing automated technology such as robotic lawn mowers. Robotic lawn mowers will become more popular as they continue to decrease in price and increase in efficiency.

Optimized Landscaping Apps and Tools

Technology will continue to make it easier for homeowners to maintain their landscapes with apps and other tools. This can help lawn owners to create a design of their own and have a good visualization of it.

Landscaping Technology with Professionals

When it comes to landscaping your own home, it is important to have knowledge about the right tools, products, and services that are available. However, if you want a professional job done, it is best to leave it to the experts. The professionals at HeroesLawnCare have the experience and expertise to get the job done right. We stay up-to-date on all of the latest advancements in landscape technology so that we can provide our clients with the best possible service. Contact us today to learn more about what we can do for you!

Technology is changing the landscape industry in many ways. These changes are making it easier than ever to create a beautiful landscape that is also low-maintenance and water-efficient. If you are thinking about landscaping your home, be sure to take advantage of all the new products and services that are available! You won’t be disappointed!

Burkli Ziegler Formula – To Determine the Peak Runoff Rate

Burkli Ziegler Formula

Burkli Ziegler formula is the oldest formula used to determine the peak runoff rate. It was derived by a swiss engineer for local conditions. After that, it was followed in the whole U.S.A.

In M.K.S unites it states that

[latex] Q_{p} = \left ( \frac{1}{455} \right )\, K^{‘}\, .\, p\, .\, A\, .\, \sqrt{\frac{S_{0}}{A}} [/latex]

Where,

► [latex] Q_{p} [/latex] = The peak runoff in cumecs.

► [latex] K^{‘} [/latex] = Runoff coefficient (Depending upon the permeability of the surface), and the average value is taken as 0.7.

► p = The maximum rainfall intensity over the entire area( Usually the value is taken as 2.5 to 7.5 cm/hr.

► A = Drainage area in hectares.

► S₀ = The slope of the ground surface in meters per thousand meters.

How to Calculate Annual Runoff || Problem & Solution ||

How to Determine the Frequency of Irrigation – Problem & Solution

How to Determine the Frequency of Irrigation

Mathematical Problem

The following data are given to determine the frequency of irrigation

Field capacity of soil = 45 %
Permanent wilting point = 19 %
Density of soil = 1.5 g/cm³
Depth of root zone = 65 cm
Daily consumptive use of water = 18 mm

Solution:

Available moisture = Field Capacity – Permanent wilting point = 45 – 19 = 26

Let readily available moisture = is 75 % of the available moisture,

So, readily available moisture is = 26 × 0.75 = 19.5 %

Optimum moisture content = 45 – 19.5 = 25.5 %

Now, by applying irrigation water the moisture content is to be raised from 25.5 % to 45 %.

Calculate the depth of water to be applied in each watering, by using the following equation:

[latex]D_{w} = \frac{W_{s}\times d}{W_{w}}\times [F_{c}-M_{0}][/latex]

Where,

W_s = Unit Weight of soil or density of soil = 1.5 g/cm³
W_w = Density of water = 1g/cm³
d = Depth of root zone = 65 cm
F_c = Field capacity = 45 %
M₀ = Optimum moisture content = 25.5 %

After putting the all value,

[latex]D_{w} = \frac{1.5\times 65}{1}\times\left [ 0.45 – 0.255 \right ][/latex]

[latex]Or, D_{w} = 97.5 \times 0.195 = 19.01 [/latex] cm

Now, we can calculate the frequency of irrigation by using the following equation

[latex]f_{w} = \frac{D_{w}}{C_{u}}[/latex]

Where,

f_w = Frequency of watering or frequency of irrigation
C_u = Daily consumptive use of water =
D_w = Depth of water to be applied in each watering

After putting all values, the frequency of irrigation

[latex]f_{w} = \frac{19.01}{1.8} = 10.56 = 11 days (say)[/latex]

Read Also:

Find the Intensity of Rainfall

Determine Runoff by using Rational Method

Types Of Irrigation

Find the Intensity of Rainfall When the duration of Rainfall is Given

Find the intensity of Rainfall When the duration of Rainfall is Given

First of all, we need to know the formula used to determine rainfall intensity. There are three types of empirical formulas –

a) For storm duration of 5 to 20 minutes

[latex] i = \frac{672}{t+10} [/latex]

b) For storm duration of 20 to 100 minutes

[latex] i = \frac{1020}{t+10} [/latex]

c) Where rainfall is frequent

[latex] i = \frac{3430}{t+18} [/latex]

Here, i = Intensity of rainfall in mm/hr, t = duration of the storm in minutes.

Following are the two mathematical examples for the determination of rainfall intensity

Mathematical Problem: 1

Find the intensity of rainfall when the storm continues for a period of 75 minutes.

Solution:

As the duration of rainfall is in between 20 to 100 minutes, so, the formula will be
[latex] i = \frac{1020}{t+10} [/latex]
The intensity of rainfall,

[latex] i = \frac{1020}{75+10} [/latex]

[latex] Or, i = \frac{1020}{85} = 12 mm/hr [/latex]

Mathematical Problem: 2

Find the intensity of rainfall when the rainfall occurs frequently and the total duration of rainfall is 115 minutes:

Solution:

As the rainfall occurs frequently, we will use 3rd formula, [latex] i = \frac{3430}{t+18} [/latex]
So, the intensity of rainfall is

[latex] i = \frac{3430}{115+18} [/latex]

[latex] Or, i = \frac{3430}{133} = 25.78 mm/hr [/latex]

Read Also:

Determine the Frequency of Irrigation

Determine Runoff Coefficient

Types of Rainfall

How to Determine Runoff by using Rational Method – Mathematical Problem & Solution

How to Determine Runoff by using Rational Method

First of all, we need to understand which formula or expression is used for the determination of runoff. In the rational method, the runoff is given by the following expression:

[latex]Q = \frac{KiA}{36}[/latex]

Where,

Q = Runoff in cumec
K = Coefficient of runoff
i = Intensity of rainfall in cm/hr
A = Catchment area in hectares

The above formula may also be expressed as follows,

[latex]Q = \frac{KiA}{360}[/latex]

This formula applies when the intensity of rainfall is given in mm/hr. Otherwise, all units are the same as above.

Mathematical Problem

A catchment area of 35 sq km consists of two-thirds rural area and one-third urban area. The rainfall in the whole catchment area is recorded as 30 mm/hr. Find the total runoff from the catchment area.

Solution:

We know the total are = 35 sq km = 3500 hectares ( 1 sq km = 100 hectares)

Now,

Rural area = [latex]3500 \times \frac{2}{3}[/latex] = 2333.33 hectares

Urban area = [latex]3500 \times \frac{1}{3}[/latex] = 1166.66 hectares.

Rainfall intensity i = 30 mm/hr.

Assuming, runoff coefficient for urban area = 0.50 and for rural area = 0.30

In rational method, the runoff is given by,

[latex]Q = \frac{KiA}{360}[/latex]

Or, [latex]\large Q = \frac{(0.30\times 25\times 2333.33) + (0.50\times 25\times 1166.66)}{ 360 }[/latex]

Or, [latex]\large Q = \frac{17499.97+14583.25}{360}[/latex]

Or, Q = 89.12 cumec.

How to Calculate Annual Runoff

Burkli Ziegler Formula – To Determine the Peak Runoff Rate

How to Determine Runoff Coefficient

How to Determine Runoff Coefficient – Mathematical Problem & Solution

How to Determine Runoff Coefficient

When the nature of the surface of different areas and the impermeability factors of the areas are known or given, then the value of the runoff coefficient(K) may be determined by the following expression:

[latex]K= \frac{a_{1}p_{1}+a_{2}p_{2}+\cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot }{A}[/latex]

Where,

a₁, a₂ = Area of different surfaces.
p₁, p₂ = Impermeability factors of those surfaces.
A = Total surface area.

Mathematical Problem

A catchment area consists of the following surfaces:

Cultivated area = 50 hectares (p = 0.20)
Forest area = 30 hectares (p = 0.10)
Garden = 5 hectares (p = 0.05)
Residential = 15 hectares (p = 0.50).

Find the runoff coefficient of that catchment area.

Solution

Here, the total area will be = 50 + 30 + 5 + 15 = 100 hectares.

From the expression,

[latex]K= \frac{a_{1}p_{1}+a_{2}p_{2}+\cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot }{A}[/latex]

Here,

$a_{1}$ = 50 and $p_{1}$ = 0.20

$a_{2}$ = 30 and $p_{2}$ = 0.10

$a_{3}$ = 5 and $p_{3}$ = 0.05

$a_{4}$ = 15 and $p_{4}$ = 0.50

We get the runoff coefficient,

K = \frac{(50\times 0.20) + (30\times 0.10) + (5\times 0.05) + (15\times 0.50)}{100}

\small Or, K = \frac{20.75}{100} = 0.2075

Empirical Formula Used For Determination of Runoff

How to Calculate Annual Runoff || Problem & Solution ||

Burkli Ziegler Formula – To Determine the Peak Runoff Rate

What is the Spur? Function & Types – CivilNotePpt

What is the Spur?

Spur is a permeable and temporary structure. These structures are constructed on the curve of a river to protect the river bank from erosion. This type of structure is most suitable where the river carries sediment load in suspension.

Don’t be confused about spurs and groynes, both are the same type of structure but the main difference is that groynes are an impervious and permanent structure whereas spur is a permeable and temporary structure.

The length of a spur depends on mainly two factors;

Width of the river.
And, the sharpness of the curve of a river.

What are the main function of a spur

The main function of a spur is as follows:

To reduce the velocity of the flow.
To get deposit sediment.
Ultimately, protect the river bank from erosion.

Types of Spur

Bamboo spur.
Timber spur.
Boulder spur.

Underpinning

Canal Fall – MCQ

1. Ogee curve is a

a) Concave curve.
b) Convex curve.
c) Combination of concave and convex curve.
d) None.

View Answer

c) Combination of concave and convex curve.

2. Montague type of fall is a

a) Rapid fall.
b) Glacis fall.
c) Modified Glacis fall.
d) All of these.

View Answer

c) Modified Glacis fall.

3. Vertical drop fall is also known as

a) Sarda fall.
b) Rapid fall.
c) Inglis fall.
d) Ogee fall.

View Answer

a) Sarda fall.

Vertical drop fall is also known as sarda fall.

4. Inglis type of fall is also known as

a) Buffle fall.
b) Sarda fall.
c) Montague fall.
d) None.

View Answer

a) Buffle fall.

5. To dissipate the energy of falling water a _____ is provided in vertical drop fall.

View Answer

Water Cushion.

6. When the slope of the natural ground surface is even and long, then _____ fall is provided in an irrigation canal.

a) Buffle.
b) Sarda.
c) Montague.
d) Rapid.

View Answer

d) Rapid.

7. Rapid fall consists of a longidudinal slope which varies from

a) 1 in 5 to 1 in 10.
b) 1 in 10 to 1 in 20.
c) 1 in 20 to 1 in 40.
d) 1 in 25 to 1 in 45.

View Answer

b) 1 in 10 to 1 in 20.

Read Also:

Irrigation Efficiency – 4 Types of Irrigation Efficiency

What is Irrigation Efficiency?

The amount of supplied water is not fully utilized for the growth of crops because there are several reasons for water loss. Irrigation efficiency is defined as the ratio of the amount of water available to the amount of water supplied from the reservoir. It is expressed in percentage.

Different Types of Irrigation Efficiency

Following are the different types of irrigation efficiency:

1. Efficiency of Water Conveyance

It is the ratio of the amount of irrigation water that is available at the outlets, to the amount of water supplied from the reservoir. It may be symbolized by η_c. It can be obtained by the following expression.

[latex]\eta_{c} = \frac{W_{l}}{W_{r}} \times 100[/latex]

Where,

η_c = Efficiency of water conveyance.
W_l= Amount of water available at the outlet’s point.
W_r= Amount of water supplied from the reservoir.

2. Efficiency of Water application

It is the ratio of the amount of water stored in the root zone of plants to the amount of water supplied at the outlet point of the field. It may be symbolized by η_a. It can be obtained by the following expression.

[latex]\eta_{a} = \frac{W_{z}}{W_{l}} \times 100[/latex]

Where,

η_a = Water application efficiency
W_z = Amount of water stored in the root zone.
W_l = Amount of water supplied at the outlet point of the field.

3. Efficiency of Water use

It is the ratio of the amount of water beneficially used to the amount of water applied. It may be expressed by η_u. It can be obtained by the following expression.

[latex]\eta_{u} = \frac{W_{u}}{W_{l}} \times 100[/latex]

Where,

η_u = Efficiency of water use
W_u = Water used
W_l = Water Applied

4. Efficiency of Consumptive use

It is the ratio of the amount of consumptive use of water to the amount of water depleted from the root zone. It is expressed by η_cu. It can be obtained by the following expression.

[latex]\eta_{cu} = \frac{C_{u}}{W_{p}} \times 100[/latex]

Where,