In the primary treatment process of sewage, various suspended; floating and oily substances are removed from the sewage. The units of primary treatment are: Flow diagram of Primary Treatment Process of Sewage 1) Screens The screen is the first unit of the primary treatment plant. The function of the screen is to remove all the floating…
Read More “The 5 Steps in Primary Treatment Process of Sewage” »
Characteristics of Sewage The characteristics of sewage can be classified as: Read More: – Factors Affecting The Quantity Of Storm Sewage Physical characteristics of Sewage The following are the physical characteristics of sewage: l) Specific Gravity The specific gravity of sewage is very nearly equal to that of water 2) Colour The fresh sewage has a yellowish or grey…
Read More “3 Characteristics of Sewage – Physical, Chemical and Biological Characteristics” »
Laying Of Sewer Pipes All the sewer pipes are generally laid starting from their outfall end towards their starting. The laying of new sewer pipes consists of the following 9 steps: 1. Marking Of The Alignment The center line of the sewer is marked along the road with a theodolite and invert tap. It may…
Read More “9 Steps Of Laying Of Sewer Pipes – Wastewater Engineering” »
Burkli Ziegler Formula Burkli Ziegler formula is the oldest formula used to determine the peak runoff rate. It was derived by a swiss engineer for local conditions. After that, it was followed in the whole U.S.A. In M.K.S unites it states that Where, ► = The peak runoff in cumecs. ► = Runoff coefficient (Depending…
Read More “Burkli Ziegler Formula – To Determine the Peak Runoff Rate” »
Different Shapes of Sewers A sewer is an underground pipe used to carry wastewater. Or, we can say it is an underground system used to carry sewage. In this post, I will show you 10 different shapes of sewers with diagrammatic images as well. Mostly circular-shaped sewer is preferred for most places and is suitable…
Plastic Sewer The use of plastics for non-pressure sewer pipes is of comparatively recent origin and is still in the experimental stages. However, some countries, such as the Netherlands, Scandinavia, France, etc., have already begun to use plastic pipes for sewers of 250 mm dia and above on a moderate to large scale (15% to…
Brick Sewer In ancient times mostly bricks were used as a sewer material, However, they have now almost been replaced by cement concrete sewers. However, the brick sewer may still be used at places where the sewers are required to be constructed at the site, and if the ingredients needed for cement concrete sewers may not…
