Category: WasteWater

3 Characteristics of Sewage – Physical, Chemical and Biological Characteristics

Characteristics of Sewage The characteristics of sewage can be classified as: Physical characteristics Chemical characteristics Biological characteristics Read More: - Factors Affecting The Quantity Of Storm Sewage Physical characteristics of Sewage Following are the physical characteristics of sewage: l) Specific Gravity The specific gravity of sewage is very nearly equal to that of water 2) Colour The fresh sewage has a … Continue reading 3 Characteristics of Sewage – Physical, Chemical and Biological Characteristics →

9 Steps Of Laying Of Sewer Pipes

Laying Of Sewer Pipes All the sewer pipes are generally laid starting from their outfall end towards their starting. The laying of new sewer pipes consists of the following 9 steps: 1. Marking Of The Alignment The centre line of the sewer is marked along the road with a theodolite and invert tap. It may … Continue reading 9 Steps Of Laying Of Sewer Pipes →

Burkli Ziegler Formula – To Determine the Peak Runoff Rate

Burkli Ziegler Formula Burkli Ziegler formula is the oldest formula used to determine the peak runoff rate. It was derived by a swiss engineer for local conditions. After that, it was followed in the whole U.S.A. In M.K.S unites it states that Where, ► = The peak runoff in cumecs. ► = Runoff coefficient (Depending … Continue reading Burkli Ziegler Formula – To Determine the Peak Runoff Rate →

Shapes of Sewers – Wastewater Engineering

Different Shapes of Sewers A sewer is an underground pipe used to carry wastewater. Or, we can say it is an underground system used to carry sewage. In this post, I will show you 10 different shapes of sewers with diagrammatic images as well. Mostly circular-shaped sewer is preferred for most places and is suitable … Continue reading Shapes of Sewers – Wastewater Engineering →

Plastic Sewer

Plastic Sewer The use of plastics for non-pressure sewer pipes is of comparatively recent origin and is still in the experimental stages. However, some countries, such as the Netherlands, Scandinavia, France, etc., have already begun to use plastic pipes for sewers of 250 mm dia and above on a moderate to large scale (15% to … Continue reading Plastic Sewer →

Brick Sewer

Brick Sewer Ancient times mostly bricks were used as a sewer material, However, they have now almost been replaced by concrete cement sewers. However, the brick sewer may still be used at places where the sewers are required to be constructed at the site, and if the ingredients needed for cement concrete sewers may not be … Continue reading Brick Sewer →

Precautions to be Taken While Entering Sewers

Precautions to be Taken While Entering Sewers Various poisonous and explosive gasses are commonly found in sewers such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) along with petrol vapours. These gases are produced largely when the sewage becomes stale and septic, which occurs more commonly in hotter climates. In addition to the … Continue reading Precautions to be Taken While Entering Sewers →